Treatment guide
TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)
Also known as: Transurethral resection of the prostate, Bipolar TURP, Prostate resection
In brief
TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) is an operation to relieve urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate. Using an instrument passed through the urethra — with no skin incision — the surgeon removes the inner prostate tissue that is blocking the flow of urine.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Atip Chatsudthipong, MD on
Written by Editorial teamPublished Updated
What is TURP?
TURP has been the standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for decades, and other procedures are often compared with it. A resectoscope — a thin telescope with an electrical wire loop — is passed through the urethra, and the obstructing tissue is removed from the inside in small pieces. Modern bipolar TURP uses saline irrigation, which reduces some of the risks of older techniques.
The removed tissue is examined in the laboratory, which occasionally identifies prostate cancer that was not previously suspected.
What conditions does TURP treat?
- Bothersome urinary symptoms from BPH that have not responded to medication
- Urinary retention (inability to empty the bladder) caused by prostate enlargement
- Recurrent urinary infections, bladder stones or bleeding caused by the prostate
- Kidney problems resulting from obstruction
Who may be suitable for TURP?
TURP is generally suitable for men with a prostate of about 30–80 g, according to AUA guidance, who are fit for spinal or general anaesthesia. Very large prostates may be better treated with laser enucleation or simple prostatectomy. Men who place a high priority on preserving ejaculation may prefer a minimally invasive option such as Rezūm or UroLift.
How is TURP performed?
- You receive a spinal or general anaesthetic.
- The resectoscope is passed through the urethra to the prostate.
- Obstructing tissue is removed in small pieces with the electrical loop, and bleeding vessels are sealed.
- A catheter is placed, often with irrigation fluid to keep the bladder clear of blood.
The operation usually takes about an hour, depending on prostate size.
What are the potential benefits?
- Substantial, well-established improvement in urine flow and symptoms
- Long-term durability, with decades of clinical experience
- Suitable for a wide range of prostate shapes, including an enlarged middle lobe
- Tissue is available for pathology
What are the risks and complications?
- Retrograde ejaculation — most men afterwards have little or no semen at orgasm, because semen flows back into the bladder. This is harmless but affects natural fertility.
- Bleeding, sometimes requiring a longer catheter time or, rarely, transfusion
- Urinary tract infection
- Temporary urgency, frequency and burning
- Later narrowing of the urethra or bladder neck — uncommon
- Urinary incontinence or erectile difficulties — uncommon
- Need for further treatment in later years in a minority of men
What are the alternatives to TURP?
Alternatives include medication, minimally invasive procedures such as Rezūm and UroLift, laser vaporisation or enucleation of the prostate, and simple prostatectomy for very large glands. See Rezūm vs TURP for a balanced comparison.
How long does recovery take after TURP?
- Usually one to two nights in hospital; the catheter is typically removed after 1–3 days
- Some blood in the urine is common for several weeks, especially around 10–14 days after surgery
- Avoid heavy lifting, straining and vigorous exercise for about four to six weeks
- Most men return to desk work within one to two weeks
- Urinary frequency and urgency usually settle over several weeks
Contact the hospital urgently if you develop:
- Inability to pass urine
- Heavy bleeding or clots
- Fever or chills
When should you consult a urologist?
See a urologist if prostate symptoms are bothersome despite medication, if you have had urinary retention, or if you want to understand whether surgery or a minimally invasive option is right for you.
Dr. Atip performs TURP at Bumrungrad International Hospital. He will explain whether TURP or a less invasive option such as Rezūm or UroLift best fits your prostate and your priorities, including the likely effect on ejaculation.
Frequently asked questions
Is TURP major surgery?
TURP is performed through the urethra without a skin incision, but it does require spinal or general anaesthesia and usually a short hospital stay. Most men recover within a few weeks.
Will TURP affect my sex life?
Most men experience retrograde (dry) ejaculation after TURP, although orgasm still occurs. Erectile function is usually unaffected. Discuss your priorities with your urologist before choosing a treatment.
How long do the results of TURP last?
TURP provides long-lasting relief for most men. A minority need further treatment years later as prostate tissue can regrow.
References
- 1.Lerner LB, et al. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline Part II — Surgical Evaluation and Treatment. J Urol. 2021;206(4):818–826. (opens in a new tab)
- 2.Sandhu JS, et al. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): AUA Guideline Amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024;211(1):11–19. (opens in a new tab)
- 3.European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS. (opens in a new tab)
- 4.NIDDK. Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia). (opens in a new tab)
This information is for general education and does not replace a consultation with a qualified doctor. If you have severe symptoms, seek emergency care (in Thailand, call 1669). See our medical disclaimer.