Medical Articles · 5 min read
What Are the Early Signs of Kidney Stones?
In brief
The most common early sign of a kidney stone is sudden, severe pain in the side or back that comes in waves and may spread to the groin. Other signs include blood in the urine, nausea, and an urgent or frequent need to urinate. Pain with fever is an emergency.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Atip Chatsudthipong, MD on
Written by Editorial teamPublished Updated
Can kidney stones cause no symptoms?
Yes. Stones that stay within the kidney often cause no symptoms and are discovered on an ultrasound or CT done for another reason. Symptoms usually begin when a stone moves into the ureter and obstructs the flow of urine.
What are the most common early signs of kidney stones?
1. Pain in the side or back
Classic kidney stone pain (renal colic) starts suddenly below the ribs on one side. It often comes in waves lasting minutes to hours, and many people cannot find a comfortable position. As the stone moves down, the pain may shift to the lower abdomen or groin.
2. Blood in the urine
Urine may look pink, red or brown, or blood may be found only on a urine test. Any blood in the urine should be checked by a doctor.
3. Nausea and vomiting
The kidneys and digestive tract share nerve pathways, so stone pain is frequently accompanied by nausea.
4. Urinary changes
When a stone approaches the bladder, it can cause urgency, frequency and burning that may be mistaken for a urinary tract infection.
Kidney stone pain or back pain?
| Feature | Kidney stone | Muscular back pain |
|---|---|---|
| Onset | Sudden, often severe | Often gradual or after strain |
| Pattern | Comes in waves; restlessness | Steady; worse with movement |
| Location | Side/flank, spreading to groin | Lower back, central or one side |
| Other symptoms | Nausea, blood in urine, urinary urgency | Usually none |
This table is a general guide only. If you are unsure, seek medical assessment.
When should you get help?
Seek emergency care immediately if stone pain is accompanied by:
- Fever, chills or shivering
- Vomiting that prevents you from keeping fluids or medication down
- Very little or no urine
- Pain that is not controlled with pain relief
Otherwise, arrange an appointment with a urologist so the stone can be confirmed and a plan made. Learn about the treatment options and the kidney stones condition guide.
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take to pass a kidney stone?
Small stones may pass within days to a few weeks. If a stone has not passed within about four to six weeks, or if pain, infection or blockage occurs, a urologist will usually recommend treatment.
References
- 1.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Kidney Stones. (opens in a new tab)
- 2.European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Urolithiasis. (opens in a new tab)
- 3.Assimos D, et al. Surgical Management of Stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline, Part I. J Urol. 2016;196(4):1153–1160. (opens in a new tab)
This information is for general education and does not replace a consultation with a qualified doctor. If you have severe symptoms, seek emergency care (in Thailand, call 1669). See our medical disclaimer.